JPS624409B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS624409B2 JPS624409B2 JP57027729A JP2772982A JPS624409B2 JP S624409 B2 JPS624409 B2 JP S624409B2 JP 57027729 A JP57027729 A JP 57027729A JP 2772982 A JP2772982 A JP 2772982A JP S624409 B2 JPS624409 B2 JP S624409B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- solvent
- polymer
- stock solution
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 150000003949 imides Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 aromatic tetracarboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WECDUOXQLAIPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline) Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(CC=2C=C(C)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 WECDUOXQLAIPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWXPDGCFMMFNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylcaprolactam Chemical compound CN1CCCCCC1=O ZWXPDGCFMMFNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHARCSTZAGNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 KHARCSTZAGNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)N=C1C(O)=O JRDBISOHUUQXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/032—Organic insulating material consisting of one material
- H05K1/0346—Organic insulating material consisting of one material containing N
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/022—Processes for manufacturing precursors of printed circuits, i.e. copper-clad substrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31721—Of polyimide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027729A JPS58145419A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 芳香族ポリイミドフイルムの製造方法 |
US06/463,549 US4470944A (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-03 | Process for producing an aromatic polyimide film |
DE8383300886T DE3376566D1 (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-21 | Process for production of aromatic polyimide film |
EP83300886A EP0087305B1 (en) | 1982-02-23 | 1983-02-21 | Process for production of aromatic polyimide film |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027729A JPS58145419A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 芳香族ポリイミドフイルムの製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS58145419A JPS58145419A (ja) | 1983-08-30 |
JPS624409B2 true JPS624409B2 (en]) | 1987-01-30 |
Family
ID=12229104
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP57027729A Granted JPS58145419A (ja) | 1982-02-23 | 1982-02-23 | 芳香族ポリイミドフイルムの製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4470944A (en]) |
EP (1) | EP0087305B1 (en]) |
JP (1) | JPS58145419A (en]) |
DE (1) | DE3376566D1 (en]) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5922726A (ja) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 延伸されたポリエ−テルイミド成形品 |
US4624978A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1986-11-25 | Rogers Corporation | High temperature polyimide processing aid |
JPS60206639A (ja) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | ポリイミド−金属箔複合フイルムの製造方法 |
US4679122A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1987-07-07 | General Electric Company | Metal core printed circuit board |
JPS61158025A (ja) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-17 | Canon Inc | 磁気記録媒体 |
US4742153A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1988-05-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing polyimides |
US4880584A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1989-11-14 | Trw, Inc. | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composites |
JPH062828B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-15 | 1994-01-12 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミドフイルムの製造法 |
AU604254B2 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1990-12-13 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyimide film and its manufacturing method |
JPH0655491B2 (ja) * | 1987-05-29 | 1994-07-27 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 芳香族ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法 |
US4906731A (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1990-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyimide molecular weight enhancement by solvent extraction |
AT387783B (de) * | 1987-06-09 | 1989-03-10 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochtemperaturbestaendigen folien |
US4892896A (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1990-01-09 | Ethyl Corporation | Processing polyimide precursor compositions |
RU1814737C (ru) * | 1988-06-29 | 1993-05-07 | Е.И.Дюпон Де Немур Энд Компани | Способ изготовлени электропровод щей полиимидной пленки |
JP2673547B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-15 | 1997-11-05 | 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 | 改良されたポリイミドフィルム及び該製造方法 |
JPH04226544A (ja) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-08-17 | Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> | ポリアミド酸構造物およびその製造方法 |
US5308569A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1994-05-03 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Process for the preparation of aromatic polyimide film |
US5460890A (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1995-10-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Biaxially stretched isotropic polyimide film having specific properties |
US5587450A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-12-24 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for producing aromatic polyamide film |
US5919892A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1999-07-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polyamic acids and methods to convert polyamic acids into polyimidebenzoxazole films |
JP4006779B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-11 | 2007-11-14 | 株式会社カネカ | ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法 |
US6180008B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2001-01-30 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Polyimide membranes for hyperfiltration recovery of aromatic solvents |
JP4816989B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-09 | 2011-11-16 | 東レ・デュポン株式会社 | ポリアミドフィルムの製造方法 |
CN100397959C (zh) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-06-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 贴金属层合物 |
WO2006101254A1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-09-28 | Fujifilm Corporation | Polymer film and producing method for producing polymer film |
US20070281091A1 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-06 | Cabot Corporation | Polyimide insulative layers in multi-layered printed electronic features |
KR101831009B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-14 | 2018-02-21 | 우베 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리이미드 전구체 수용액 조성물, 및 폴리이미드 전구체 수용액 조성물의 제조 방법 |
JP5834930B2 (ja) | 2011-09-09 | 2015-12-24 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミド前駆体水溶液組成物、及びポリイミド前駆体水溶液組成物の製造方法 |
JP5845911B2 (ja) | 2012-01-13 | 2016-01-20 | 宇部興産株式会社 | ポリイミド前駆体水溶液組成物、及びポリイミド前駆体水溶液組成物の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3179614A (en) * | 1961-03-13 | 1965-04-20 | Du Pont | Polyamide-acids, compositions thereof, and process for their preparation |
DE1420706C3 (de) * | 1958-09-19 | 1974-05-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington, Del. (V.St.A.) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamidsäuren |
GB903271A (en) * | 1959-04-01 | 1962-08-15 | Du Pont | Polyimides and their production |
GB903272A (en) * | 1959-04-01 | 1962-08-15 | Du Pont | Method of preparing polyimides |
CH484967A (de) * | 1966-03-15 | 1970-01-31 | Du Pont | Formmasse |
US3961009A (en) * | 1970-04-22 | 1976-06-01 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Process for the production of a shaped article of a heat resistant polymer |
JPS48100460A (en]) * | 1972-04-01 | 1973-12-18 | ||
US4073837A (en) * | 1972-05-18 | 1978-02-14 | Teitin Limited | Process for producing wholly aromatic polyamide fibers |
JPS56118421A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1981-09-17 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Heat-shrinkable polyimide film and production thereof |
-
1982
- 1982-02-23 JP JP57027729A patent/JPS58145419A/ja active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-02-03 US US06/463,549 patent/US4470944A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-02-21 DE DE8383300886T patent/DE3376566D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-21 EP EP83300886A patent/EP0087305B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0087305B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 |
JPS58145419A (ja) | 1983-08-30 |
US4470944A (en) | 1984-09-11 |
EP0087305A3 (en) | 1985-01-09 |
DE3376566D1 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
EP0087305A2 (en) | 1983-08-31 |
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